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Key Features Effective Anti-Allergy Relief

If you have a stuffy nose, coughing, or itchy or watery eyes because of allergies or hay fever, Phenergan Elixir can help. No matter what time of year it is, Phenergan can help right away.

Nausea and Motion Sickness Aid

This product is great for people who need reliable relief when travelling or having stomach problems because it is made to help with nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness.

Escitalopram, tablets are used to relieve the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. This medication works by increasing the levels of serotonin, a natural substance in the brain that helps maintain mental balance.

Please remember, that steroid use can be harmful, this is sold for research purposes only. If you intend to take these products, please do so under your GP’s advice. Steroid abuse is no joke and can potentially lead to serious health complications. Blood work before, during, and after use is strongly advised.

Escitalopram, tablets are used to relieve the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. This medication works by increasing the levels of serotonin, a natural substance in the brain that helps maintain mental balance.

Escitalopram

Escitalopram is a widely prescribed antidepressant medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Below is a comprehensive overview of the drug:

🔬 Chemical and Pharmacological Details

  • Generic Name: Escitalopram

  • Brand Names: Lexapro (USA), Cipralex (EU), among others

  • Chemical Structure: (S)-(+)-1-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile

  • Molecular Formula: C20H21FN2O

  • Drug Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

Escitalopram is the S-enantiomer of citalopram, meaning it is the more pharmacologically active part of the citalopram molecule.

🧠 Mechanism of Action

Escitalopram works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. It does this by inhibiting the reuptake (reabsorption) of serotonin (5-HT) into the presynaptic neuron, thereby increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft. This improved serotonin signaling is believed to enhance mood and reduce anxiety.

💊 Therapeutic Uses

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – off-label

  • Panic Disorder – off-label

  • Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) – off-label

  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – off-label

  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) – off-label

    • ⚖️ Dosage and Administration

    • Typical Adult Dose for Depression or Anxiety:

      • Initial: 10 mg once daily

      • Maximum: 20 mg/day

    • Elderly or Hepatic Impairment:

      • Recommended: Start at 5 mg daily

    • Pediatric Use:

      • Approved for adolescents (≥12 years) in some countries

    It is usually taken orally once daily, with or without food.

    ⏳ Pharmacokinetics

    • Bioavailability: ~80%

    • Time to peak plasma concentration: 4–5 hours

    • Half-life: ~27–32 hours

    • Metabolism: Primarily in the liver via CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4

    • Excretion: Renal (kidneys)

    ⚠️ Warnings and Precautions

    • Black Box Warning (USA): May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults.

    • Serotonin Syndrome: Risk increases when combined with other serotonergic agents (e.g., MAOIs, triptans, tramadol).

    • QT Prolongation: Can cause abnormal heart rhythms at higher doses.

    • Discontinuation Syndrome: Abrupt stopping may lead to symptoms like dizziness, insomnia, irritability, and brain “zaps”.

    🤕 Common Side Effects

    • Nausea

    • Headache

    • Drowsiness or insomnia

    • Dry mouth

    • Increased sweating

    • Sexual dysfunction (e.g., decreased libido, delayed ejaculation)

    • Fatigue or dizziness

    • Appetite or weight changes

    🚫 Contraindications

    • Concurrent use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

    • Known hypersensitivity to escitalopram or citalopram

    • Use with pimozide (due to QT prolongation risk)

    💊 Drug Interactions

    • MAOIs: Risk of serotonin syndrome; avoid concurrent use

    • NSAIDs, anticoagulants: Increased risk of bleeding

    • Other SSRIs/SNRIs: Risk of serotonin syndrome

    • CYP enzyme inhibitors/inducers: May affect escitalopram levels

    • Alcohol: Escitalopram does not potentiate alcohol effects, but caution is still advised

    👶 Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

    • Pregnancy Category (varies by country): C

      • Potential risks include persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and neonatal withdrawal syndrome

    • Breastfeeding: Present in breast milk; caution advised

    🧬 Genetic Considerations

    • Individuals with CYP2C19 poor metabolizer status may have increased drug levels and a higher risk of side effects.

    • Genetic testing can help guide dosing in some cases.

    📊 Comparative Notes

    Compared to other SSRIs:

    • More selective for serotonin reuptake inhibition

    • Generally better tolerated

    • Fewer drug-drug interactions

    • Commonly preferred in the elderly and those sensitive to side effects

    Key Features Effective Anti-Allergy Relief

    If you have a stuffy nose, coughing, or itchy or watery eyes because of allergies or hay fever, Phenergan Elixir can help. No matter what time of year it is, Phenergan can help right away.

    Nausea and Motion Sickness Aid

    This product is great for people who need reliable relief when travelling or having stomach problems because it is made to help with nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness.

    Phenergan liquid What it’s used for

    • Allergy relief – hay fever, skin rashes, hives, insect bites

    • Motion sickness – prevention and treatment

    • Short-term sedation – to help with sleep difficulties

    • Nausea and vomiting – especially linked to travel or illness

    Strength & form

    • Concentration: Usually 5 mg or 10 mg of promethazine per 5 ml (check your bottle’s label, as strengths vary)

    • Bottle size: 100 ml

    • Form: Sweet-tasting oral liquid

    How it works

    • Blocks histamine H1 receptors, reducing allergic symptoms (like runny nose, itching, swelling)

    • Depresses certain brain activity, which gives a calming and sleep-inducing effect

    • Acts on the vomiting center in the brain to prevent nausea

    Typical dosing

    (Always follow the specific instructions on your prescription or bottle)

    • Children (over 2 years) – dose based on age and weight, usually once or twice daily

    • Adults – often 5–25 ml depending on purpose, taken at night or up to 3 times a day

    • Not recommended for children under 2 years due to risk of severe breathing problems

    Warnings & precautions

    • May cause drowsiness – avoid driving or operating heavy machinery

    • Avoid alcohol (increases sedative effects)

    • Use with caution in elderly patients, those with respiratory conditions, or certain medical histories

    • Can interact with sedatives, antidepressants, and some painkillers

    Side effects

    • Common: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation

    • Rare but serious: breathing difficulties, confusion, severe allergic reaction (seek medical help immediately)

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